The whole arsenal of measures previously applied in occupied Europe (offers of attractive job contracts, conscription by age group, roundups in the countryside and raids in urban areas) was then implemented in Italy, in partly different ways depending on the areas specifically targeted. Operations originally conceived by the occupying forces primarily for other purposes, such as anti-partisan roundups or roundups aimed at moving the civilian population away from the territories behind the front, were also used to acquire manpower. By applying to Italy a practice that had already been in use for some time in Nazi Germany, the aim was…